Mario: itssanother perm post again arent you guys sick of it as well

2019.11.04Chiffon perm

Perm

Permanent wave, commonly referred to as a “permanent” or “permanent” is a hair style that there is a wave or curl to the hair. Curl of the name may be followed by a few months.

Perms can be applied using thermal or chemical means. In the latter method, applying a chemical substance to the hair, wrapped around the foam to generate the waves and curls. The same process is not a curl in the chemical reactions, is used to chemically correct or relaxation in a flat state.

The first practical thermal method was the Marcel Grato in 1872. When the tongue is closed. The tongs were usually heated with a gas or alcohol flame and the correct temperature was reached by testing the tongs in a newspaper. If the paper turns a little brown, it is almost correct. Shaking hands was safe, taking care to keep the tongs away from the scalp. The procedure is to comb the hair strand towards the operator and move the comb slowly with one hand to maintain the tension while lowering the hair strand continuously towards the tip of the hair strand. Each time the tongs were applied, the tongs moved slightly in a direction perpendicular to the hair bundle, producing a continuous flat or two-dimensional wave. Skills that use wrists can produce subtle changes in the waves. Thus, when Marcel’s hand was shaken, two-dimensional waves were generated only by thermal means, and changes were caused not by chemical means but by plastic flow of hair. Due to the high temperatures used, the process tended to degrade the hair. Despite its shortcomings, however, Marcel’s waving form continues until today, where fast results and low cost are important.

Until the 1920s, long hair was the standard for women. The 1920s flapper shortened his hair (“Bob”) as a form of rebellion against tradition. As the demand of self-determination is increased among women, hair is shorter, now does not pass through the lower end of the neck. This is not only a political gesture, did practical things. Due to a significant shortage of the labor force during the First World War, women began to take over the work of men (see Suffragette). At the same time, mainly electricity, which has been introduced for the “illumination” and the industry, began to be used for heating and the application of the “electric motor” of a small business and domestic level. Short hair because it was improved further appearance waving than long hair, shake the hand of the improved form was a matter of time.

An early choice for curling hair suitable for people to use was invented in 1905 by the German hairdresser Carl Nessler. He used a mixture of cow urine and water. The first public demonstration took place on 8 October 1905, but Nessler has been working on this idea since 1896. Previously, caustic chemicals were set on wigs to form curls. His method, called the spiral heating method, was only useful for long hair. The hair was spirally wound around a rod connected to a machine equipped with an electric heating device. Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) was applied and the hair was heated to 212 ° F (100 ° C) or higher for a long time. The process used approximately 12 pounds (0.9 kg) of brass rollers and took 6 hours to complete. These hot rollers were suspended from overhead chandeliers and kept from touching the scalp with a complex system that counteracted the weight attached to the stand. Nessler conducted his first experiment at his wife Katharina Ribourg. In the first two trials, the hair burned completely and the scalp burned, but the method was improved and in 1909 his electric permanent wave machine was used for long hair in London.

Nessler moved to London in 1901. During World War I, the British were Germans and imprisoned Nessler because they had to give up their assets. He escaped to New York City in 1915 and bought a steamer passage with the expected name. In New York he discovered that hundreds of copies of his machine were in use, but most did not work well and were unreliable. Nessler opened a store in East 49th Street and soon opened salons in Chicago, Detroit, Palm Beach, Florida and Philadelphia. Nessler has also developed a home machine that sells for $ 15. However, his machine made little impression in Europe, and his first attempt was not mentioned in a technical report.